Background and Aims: To identify the incidence rate, time of onset, and outcomes of nosocomial blood stream infection (BSI) from NICU, PICU and SICU, NHP, Hanoi. To identify risk factors of BSI at NHP.
Methods: Inpatients from three ICU were included. CDC criteria were used to identify a case of BSI. This is annNested case- control study. OR were calculated to identify risk factors of BSI.
Results: 417 patients met the inclusion criteria; 34 BSI periods were confirmed on 29 patients; the incidence rate was 9.1/1000 patient-days; time of onset was 9.7±1.6 days (mean±SD); the case fatality rate was 38.1%; length of hospitalization was 13.5±1.9 days (mean±SD). These statistically significant risk factors of BSI were identified: mechanical ventilation (OR= 5.7; p=0.01), ); the number of time a new IV catheter was inserted (mean = 5.5; p=0.047); and presence of other infection (OR=5.28; p=0.042); These factors were not found to be statisticall significant risk factors for BSI: infection on admission (OR=1.01; p=0.98); prio admission in a health facility (OR=1.16 – 1.84; p=0.82-0.17); antibiotics before admission (OR=1.15; p=0.76); time of antibiotic changed (mean = 2.3; p=0.1).
Conclusion: The incidence and mortality rate of BSI in this study was middle-high. Risk factors for BSI were the number of time a new new IV catheter was inserted, MV, and presence of another infection. The changing of antibiotic treatment, infection on admission were not a risk factor for BSI.

Keywords: nosocomial blood stream infection, incidence, risk factors, association