Background and Aims: To identify the incidence, proportion, and outcome of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in 3 intensive care unit – NHP. In addition risk factors for VAP will be identified.
Methods: Patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) in 3 ICUs. This is an observational, analytic, prospective stud. All children undergoing MV we eligible. CDC guidelines were used to diagnose VAP. Demographics, clinical features etc were collected from study participants. OR or RR or χ2 were calculated to identify risk factors of VAP.
Results: 120 patients under MV fitted the inclusion criteria. There were a total of 1162 ventilator days.The proportion of children under MV developing VAP was 26.7%; The incidence of VAP was 27.5/1000 ventilator days. The mortality rate of VAP was 46.7%. The only statistically significant risk factor of VAP was length of MV over 4 days (χ2=5.5; p=0,018). Other factors including gender (OR=1,3; p>0.05); age (OR=0.65; p> 0.05); type of ward (χ2=3.05; p>0.05); admission diagnosis: premature newborn (OR=0.91; 95%CI: 0.38-2.17), cardiovascular problems (OR=1.0; 95%CI: 0.25-3.96), respiratory problems (OR=1.83; 95% CI:0.77-4.34), prior sepsis (OR=2.37; 95%CI:2.69-9.13); and endotracheal insertion route (OR=2.71; p>0.05) were not risk factors for VAP. The commonest microorganiss isolated were gram negative bacteria (75%), with P. aeruginosa being most common.
Conclusion: The incidence, proportion and mortality rates of VAP were high. There was significant association between VAP and length of MV over 4 days.

Keywords: ventilator associated pneumonia, incidence, proportion, mortality, association